Roop is one of the five tools of Nidhan Panchak to diagnose the disease along with its source and its evolution process as per Ayurveda.

The other tools are Hetu, Poorvaroop, Upshaya, and Samprapti.

Nidhan Panchak includes the process that takes place for converting a normal physiology to pathology that causes the disease.

Roop is also known as indicative signs and symptoms of a disease.

When the pathology that leads to the disease completes, few signs and symptoms develop.

These are known as the Roopa. There are six main symptoms for Roop or in Ayurveda. Those are:

• Sansthan
• Vainjan
• Linga
• Lakshan
• Chinham
• Akruthi

For the diagnosis of any disease, Roopa is the main way, as per Ayurveda. If all the signs and symptoms of a disease present themselves before confirming the disease, then the disease is considered to be severe and sometimes fatal in nature. You would be able to see those signs and symptoms or the abnormalities, as these are physical in nature. Moreover, these signs and symptoms help the physician to start the therapy and medicines according to the disease diagnosed before it aggravates.

The signs and symptoms of few ailments like hiccups, Amavata or Rheumatoid Arthritis, Chhardi or vomiting, and so on are given below:

Roopa of Hiccups or Hidhma:

Hiccups are classified into five types: Annaja Hikka, Kshudra Hikka, Yamala Hikka, Maha Hikka, and Gambhira Hikka, depending on the causes and the symptoms of them.

• Consumption of tough, improper, dry foods and drinks cause Annaja Hikka, and is generally followed by sneezing. It subsides by consumption of accustomed foods & drinks.
• Characterized by soft and mild bouts of hiccups caused by exertion that start from root base of shoulders is known as Kshudra Hikka.
• The hiccups that occur during the digestion of food, and are characterized by the tremors in head and neck, vomiting, diarrhea, yawning, and so on are known as Yamala Hikka.
• Arising from deep inside with forceful bouts, Maha Hikka is characterized by rigidity of brows, red eyes, loss of movements of the body, speech, and so on.

Arising from large intestine or umbilical cord, Gambhiri Hikka has the signs and symptoms like yawning and vibrating sound.

Signs and symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis are loss of taste, thirst, lack of enthusiasm, heaviness, fever, indigestion, pain all over the body, and the main Roopa is swelling of joints and body parts.

Chhardi is of five types, and they are Vataja chhardi, Pittaja chhardi, Kaphaja chhardi, Sannipataja, and Dwisthaarthaja.

One would experience pain in the head, neck, and navel regions, with dryness in the mouth, hoarseness of voice, pricking pain, and so on. Moreover, one would hear loud sound of eructation while vomiting with great distress and severe impulse when one has Vataja chhardi. Moreover, the vomitus is either black in color or frothy in nature.

Pittaja chhardi has the symptoms of fainting, thirst, dryness of the mouth, & burning in head, palate and eyes. Moreover, Vomitus is bitter and sometimes smoky in Pittaja chhardi. In Kaphaja chhardi, vomitus is solid, sweet, and white, and is accompanied with horripilation. The vomitus is salty, sour, blue, and so on in Sannipataja. Factors that stress a person psychologically and inflict the senses are known as Dwisthaarthaja.